Character Development:: Some perfectionists have a dark side

kurtbubna.com

A "control-freak" perfectionist, a.k.a., the other-directed
perfectionist as described in this research.

Link: How to handle the control freak

We all know someone who is a perfectionist.  In fact, it may be someone who drives you crazy, or, maybe you're driving yourself crazy with your own perfectionism.  On the positive side, most successful men and women, sometimes described as are type A personalities, have a streak of perfectionism in their make-up.

According to this new research out of the University of Kent in England, there are three types of perfectionists, one of which has a dark side.  The question researched is whether a character expects their own life and work to be perfect, or, whether they expect the lives and work of others to be perfect.  This is a distinction I had never considered until I read this study.

• By the way, earlier research posted on SNfW shows that perfectionism is a major factor in many suicides, something else for a writer to consider in crafting character.  (Link below).

A related question to ask, at least from my point of view, is your character a perfectionist or simply meticulous?  Someone who is meticulous is going to do a careful job at what they do, but to my thinking, this is not a pursuit of perfection.  I also feel that being a perfectionist is why some writers rarely if ever submit work to a publisher or producer - because the writer feels their work isn't perfect.

These are considerations not only for the characters you develop, but perhaps in your writing career as well.

Here's the report:

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How other-oriented perfectionism

differs from self-oriented and

socially prescribed perfectionism

"Other-oriented perfectionism is a 'dark' form of

perfectionism positively associated with narcissistic,

antisocial and uncaring personality characteristics."

The type of perfectionist who sets impossibly high standards for others has a bit of a dark side. They tend to be narcissistic, antisocial and to have an aggressive sense of humor. They care little about social norms and do not readily fit into the bigger social picture. So says Joachim Stoeber of the University of Kent in the UK, who compared the characteristics of so-called other-orientated perfectionists against those of perfectionists who set the bar extremely high for themselves. The study is published in Springer's Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment.

What is perfectionism?
Perfectionism is a personality trait that is characterized by the setting of extremely high standards and being overly critical of oneself or others. Psychologists recognize three types of perfectionism, each with different beliefs, attitudes, motivations and behaviors.

1. "Self-oriented" perfectionists have exceedingly high personal standards, strive for perfection and expect themselves to be perfect. In comparison,
2. "socially prescribed" perfectionists believe that being perfect is important to others and therefore strive to be flawless. People who have one of these tendencies all tend to be highly critical of themselves. In contrast,
3. "other-oriented" perfectionists are only disparaging and judgmental about others. Not only do they expect other people to be perfect, but they can also be highly critical of those who fail to meet their expectations. Previous research done by Stoeber has found that such perfectionists tend to have the so-called "Dark Triad" personality traits of
• narcissism,
• Machiavellianism and
• psychopathy. Also,
• they have issues with intimacy, nurturing and their social development.

Stoeber takes his research one step further by investigating how the three types of perfectionists differ in their social behavior and the type of humor they engage in, among other traits. For this purpose he questioned 229 university students.

Self-oriented perfectionism is pro-social
Stoeber found self-orientated perfectionism to be the only one of the three forms that has a pro-social element to it. Even though they focus on themselves, they show an interest in others, care about social norms and about others' expectations. They prefer affiliative humor that enhances relationships, and shy away from aggressive jokes.

Socially prescribed perfectionists, on the other hand, make self-deprecating jokes, have a low self-esteem and a low self-regard, and often feel inferior. They can be quite antisocial and unemotional, and do not respond well to positive feedback.

Other-oriented perfectionists in turn have quite an aggressive sense of humor, which is used at the expense of others. This is just one of the many uncaring traits they have that make them disregard the expectations of others and social norms. They have a sense of superiority and do not easily fit into a bigger social circle, making them quite antisocial.

"Other-oriented perfectionism is a 'dark' form of perfectionism positively associated with narcissistic, antisocial and uncaring personality characteristics," Stoeber summarizes his findings.

Related stories:

• Perfectionism a Major Factor in Suicide

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Story Source:  Materials provided by Springer Science+Business Media.  Stoeber, J. How other-oriented perfectionism differs from self-oriented and socially prescribed perfectionism: Further findings. Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment, May 2015